Computer Graphics-2

Computer Graphics(Practice questions)

Q1 Write a transformation matrix for a 3-D rotation, in homogenous coordinate system with respect to x,y and z axes respectively.

Q2 What is the limitation of DDA line generation algorithm? How does Bresenham line generation algorithm overcome this limitation?

Q3 Define an "Oblique projection". Derive a general transformation matrix for an oblique projection.

Q4 How can frame buffer be used to put colour and intensity on the screen?

Q5 Explain the term " sweep representation". How can a cylinder be produced by using the concept of sweep representation?

Q6 What is the need of the concept of "shading" in computer graphics? List merits and demerits of Phong shading.

Q7 Explain the terms "Cel animation" and "Sprite animation". Which of the two techniques is better for creating animation? Justify your answer.

Q8 Define the use of following formats:

1) GIF

2)JPEG

3) WPG

4)TIFF

5)MPEG

Q9 Write pseudo code for Bresenham circle generation algorithm. Use this algorithm to produce a circle of radius r=4 units, in the first quadrant from x=0 to x=y.

Q10 Write pseudocode for DDA line drawing algorithm for a line segment with negative slope.

Q11 Differentiate between the following.

a) Drawing and painting

b) CAD and CAM

c) Plotter and Printer

Q11 Determine the final co-ordinates of the perspective projection of an object, when the object is first rotated w.r.t. the Y axis by -30 degree and X-axis by 45 degree and finally it is projected onto Z=0 plane with center of projection at (0,0,-5).

Q12 Find the general transformation matrix for the reflection about the line y=-x.

Q13 " Simultaneous shearing is not the same as shearing in one direction, followed by shearing in another direction. What is the maximum number of objects  that can be handled by Z-buffer algorithm? Give two advantages and two disadvantages of Z-buffer algorithm.

Q14 What is the difference between ray tracing and ray casting? Explain how a ray tracing method can be used to achieve realism in computer graphics.

Q15 What is the problem of aliasing? How does the technique of anti aliasing work to get rid of the problem of aliasing?

Q16 Explain the following

1) Panning

2) Compression in digital video

3) Morphing

4) Scholastic Animation

5) Icon based authoring tools

Q17 Discuss the role of image editing tools in creating and editing multimedia elements. Briefly describe the criteria behind the selection of an image editing tool.

Q18 Define the term intensity interpolation. Explain Gouraud shading.

Q19 Write Z-Buffer algorithm for hidden surface detection. Explain how this algorithm is applied to determine the hidden surfaces.

Q 20 What is image filtering? Why is it required?

Q21 Compute the intermediate points on the line drawn from (0,0) to (5,10) using Bresenham's algorithm.

Q22 What is the difference between parallel and perspective projection? Categorize the various types of parallel projections.

Q23 Explain the concept of window to view port transformation with the help of suitable diagram.

Q24 What is the advantage of using homogenous co-ordinate system? Write the transformation matrix in homogenous co-ordinate system for "xy-shear" about origin.

Q25 Why do we use an authoring tool in the context of multimedia? Explain the features of any two types of authoring tools.

Q26 Explain the following terms with the help of an example/diagram, if needed.

a) Tweening

b) Volume rendering

c) Fractual models

d) Morphing

Q27 Derive a general 2D transformation matrix for rotation about the origin. Perform a 45 degree rotation of a square having vertices A(0,0), B(0,2), C(2,2), D(2,0) about the origin.

Q28 Explain Cyrus Beck parametric line clipping algorithm.

Q29 Derive the 2-D transformation matrix for reflection about the line y=mx, where m is constant. Use the transformation matrix to reflect the triangle A(0,0), B(1,1), C(2,0) about the line y=2x

Q30 Explain pseudocode for Sutherland Hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm. Using this algorithm clip the following polygon against the rectangular window ABCD.

Q31 What are refreshing display devices? Describe the working  principle of CRT displays with the help of suitable diagram. Differentiate between Random and Raster Scan display devices.

Q32 Write the three main properties of Bezier curve. Explain the condition for smoothly joining two bezier curve segments.

Q33 Explain the following terms with the help of suitable diagram/ example if needed.

1) Oblique Projection

2) Bezier Surfaces

3) Object space approach in Visible-surface detection

4) Specular Reflection

5) GIF File compression

6) Hypermedia

7) Representational Animation

8) Ray tracing

Q34 What are the differences between Gouraud and Phong shading?

Q35 Explain Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm.

Q36 Explain the working principle of plasma panel  displays. Give the advantages and disadvantages.

Q37 Compute  2D transformation matrix for rotating a point (12,6) about the point (3,2) by an angle 30 degree in clockwise direction.

Q38 Compute co-ordinate points of  circle drawn  with centre at (0,0) and radius 5, using mid point circle algorithm.

Q39 Show that the simultaneous shearing Shxy(a,b) is not same as the shearing in x direction, Shx(a) followed by a shearing in y-direction, Shy(b).

Q40 Prove the following properties of Bezier curve.

i) P(u=1)=Pn

ii) P'(0)=n(P1-P0)

Q41 Explain the formation of an image in vector graphics with the help of an example. Explain any two file formats that use vector graphics.

Q42 Write a short note on sound editing tools.

Q43 Explain the scan line polygon filling algorithm with the help of suitable diagram.

Q44 Define the term ray casting. Explain any one method of ray casting.

Q45 Derive a transformation matrix for a perspective projection of point P(x, y, z) onto a x =4 plane as viewed from E(6,0,0).

Q46 Why Bresenham line drawing algorithm is better than DDA algorithm? Draw a line segment joining (4,8) and (8,10) using Bresenham line drawing algorithm.

Q47 Given four control point P0(2,2),P1(3,4), P2(5,4) and P3(4,2) as vertices of Bezier curve. Determine four points on Bezier Curve.

Q48 Explain the differences between the following

i) Multimedia and interactive multimedia

ii) Hypertext and hypermedia

iii)Procedural animation and representational animation

Q49 Explain ambient and diffused reflection. Give general mathematical expression for combined effect of ambient and diffused reflection.

Q50 What is frame buffer? How can you use frame buffer for putting color and controlling intensity on display device?

Q51 What is the advantage of using homogenous co-ordinate system? Consider a square (0,0),(0,2),(2,0),(2,2). Perform composite transformation of the square by using the following steps. (Give the co-ordinates of the square at each intermediate steps)

i) Scale by using Sx=2 and Sy=3

ii)Rotation of 45 degree in the anticlockwise direction.

iii) Translate by using Tx=3 and Ty=5

Q52 Why are hidden surface algorithm needed? Explain scan line method for visible surface determination.

Q53 Derive a 3D-transformation matrix for rotation relation matrices for about Z-axis, X-axis and Y-axis, respectively.

Q54 What are the number of memory bits required for 8-bit plane frame buffer for a 512 x 512 raster? Also calculate the refresh rate for the same raster(512 x 512), if pixels are accessed at the rate of 250 nano seconds.

Q55 Differentiate between Random and Raster Scan display devices.

Q56 Use DDA line generation algorithm to draw a line from (2,2) to (8,6).

Q57 Derive a general transformational matrix for 3-D rotation about x-axis.

Q58 Perform a 45 degree rotation of triangle A(1,1), B(5,1), C(3,5) about an aribitary point (3,3).

Q59 Explain any one method of polygon Representation with the help of an example.

Q60 How many key frames does a 45 seconds animation film sequence with no duplication require if there are four in between frames for each pair of key frames? What will happen if duplication is allowed?

Q61 Why file compression techniques are beneficial in computer graphics?

Q62 Write a procedure to implement the Bresenham line generation algorithm. What are the advantages of this algorithm over the DDA line generation algorithm.

Q63 What are the merits and demerits of Gouraud Shading, constant shading and phong shading?

Q64 Explain all the four cases of Sutherland-Hodgman polygon clipping algorithm.

Q65 Derive the 2-D transformation matrix for reflection about the line y=mx+c, where m and c are constants. Use this transformation matrix to reflect the triangle A(0,0), B(4,0) and C(4,4) about the line y=2x+5.

Q66 Explain the terms window and viewport in the  context of clipping. Derive a general transformation matrix for window to viewport mapping.

Q67 Write a short note on diffuse reflection.

Q68 Obtain a transformation matrix for perspective projection for a given object projected onto x=5 plane as viewed from [8,0,0].

Q69 Differentiate between the following.
i) Morphing and panning
ii) Motion specific animation and motion generalized animation.

Q70 Given p0(1,2), P1(2,3),P2(4,3), P3(3,2) as the vertices of  Bezier curve. Determine 5 points on Bezier curve.

Q71 What are the limitations of refreshing display devices? What is refresh rate in  1024 x 1024 raster if pixels are accessed at the rate of 250 nanoseconds?

Q72 Illustrate the Bresenham line generation algorithm by digitizing the line with the  end points(20,5) and (25,10).

Q73 Explain the Cyrus Beck line algorithm to clip a line segment for a non-convex clipping window.

Q74 Define the term projection. Categorise various types of perspective and parallel projections.

Q75 Explain the term anti-aliasing with the help of diagram. How does the technique of anti-aliasing work to get rid of the problem of aliasing?

Q76 Explain the process of simulating positive non-zero acceleration.

Q77 Define the following

a) Virtual reality
b) Icon based authoring tools
c) Frame buffer
d) Bitmap images
e) File Compression
f) 3-D modelling and animation tools

Q78 A square ABCD is given  with vertices A(0,0), B(2,2) and D(0,2). Illustrate the effect of

i)x-shear
ii)y-shear
iii)xy-shear

On the given square when a=3 and b=4, where  a is shearing in x-direction and b is shearing in y-direction.

Q79 Write pseudocode for midpoint circle generation algorithm.

Q80 What is difference between Hypertext and Hypermedia? Briefly describes various links used in Hypermedia.

Q81 Reflect the triangle where vertices are A(-1,0), B(0,2) and C(1,0) about
i) The horizontal line y=2

ii) The vertical line x=1
iii) The line y=x+3

Q82 What are the various types of audio and video formats?

Q83 What is foreshortening factor in the context of parallel projection? How it is related to Isometric, Diametric and Trimetric projection?

Q84 Explain the basic Ray tracing algorithm with the help of suitable diagram.

Q85 Find the transformation matrix for the reflection about the line y=4x.


Q86 Determine the expression of frame spacing which can be used to simulate positive acceleration  in any animation.

Q85 Write a short note on loss less audio formats.

Q86 How Raster scan display devices are different from Random scan display devices? Can we use frame buffers to control picture color and intensity, justify your answer with suitable arguments.

Q87 Explain the terms " Parametric Continuity" and "Geometric Continuity" in Bezier curves.

Q88 Discuss Area Subdivision Method. What are the conditions to be satisfied, in Area Subdivision Method, so that it is finalized that no further surface division is required?

Q89 How many key frames does a 30 seconds animation film sequence with no duplicates require? How the results are affected if five in between frames are inserted between each pair of key frames?

Q90 Differentiate between Bitmap and Vector graphics.

Q91 Find the final coordinates of the triangle ABC, A(-3,0), B(-1,1), C(-1,-1) when it is subjected to clockwise rotation of 45 degree  about  an axis  passing through an arbitrary point P(-1,1). Draw a suitable figure to demonstrate your solution.

Q92 Derive a general perspective transformation matrix with respect to an arbitrary centre of projection C(a,b,c). Obtain the perspective transformation matrix onto Z=-5 plane where the centre of projection is at (0,0,18).

Q93 Prove that two successive rotations are additive

Draw a suitable diagram to demonstrate your solution.

Q94 Perform 45 degree rotation of triangle ABC A(0,2), B(-1,-1), C(1,-1) about the origin.

Q95 What is the utility of tabular representation of polygon surface? Can you implement a polygon surface with just a vertex table  and an edge table? Justify your answers.

Q96 What are the maximum number of  objects that can be handled by Z-buffer algorithm? What will happen if the Z- buffer algorithm is used and it is found  that two polygons have the same z-value?

Q97 Write a short note on Stochastic animation and its area of application.

Q98 Differentiate between calligraphic display device and raster scan display devices.

Q99 Determine the number of memory bits required for a 4 bit plane buffer for a 512 x 512 raster.

Q100 Determine the final coordinates of a polygon ABCD A(1,4), B(-4,1), C(-1,-1), D(2,-2) when it is scaled upto twice its size with respect to an arbitary point P(1,1).

Compuer Graphics(Numericals)- 1

Computer Graphics 

Numericals Questions

Q1 Compute co-ordinate points of circle drawn with center at (0,0) and radius 5, using mid-point circle.

Q2 Draw line segment from point (2,4) to (9,9) using DDA algorithm.

Q3 Using DDA algorithm draw line segments from point (1,1) to (9,7).

Q4 What steps are required to plot a line whose slope is between 0 degree to 45 degree using Bresenham's line generation method? Draw a line joining(5,4) and (11,15) using the Bresenham's line generation algorithm.

Q5 Write a C program to implement DDA line drawing algorithm.

Q6 Using any of the line clipping algorithm obtain the visible position of the following line segment

1) P1=(0.5,0.4)  P2=(1.6,0.7)

2) P1=(0.4,-1.6) P2=(0.4,2.7)

3) P1=(0.4,-1.6) P2=(0.8,-2.7)

4) P1=(-2,-3)   P2=(3.5)

Q7 Find the new co-ordinate of a triangle A(0,0), B(1,1), C(5,2) after it has been

a) Magnified to twice its size

b) Reduced to half its size

Q8 Perform a 45 degree rotation of a triangle A(0,0), B(1,1), C(5,2) about the 

origin.

Q9 Translate a square ABCD with the coordinates A(0,0), B(5,0), C(5,5), D(0,5) by 

2 units in x-direction and 3 units in y direction.

Q10 Perform a 45 degree rotation of triangle A(0,0), B(1,1), C(5,2) about 

an arbitary point P(-1,-1)

Q11 Perform a rotation of triangle A(1,2), B(2,4), C(1,1) about P(-1,-2) in anti-clockwise direction by 60 degree.

Q12 Reflect the diamond-shaped polygon whose  vertices are A(-1,0), B(0,-2), C(0,0) and D (0,2) about

a) The horizontal line y=2

b) The vertical line x=2

c) the line y=x+2

Q13 Consider a given triangle ABC where A(1,0), B(0,1), C(1,1) and apply the following transformation as below

1) Rotate around the origin and then translate in the direction of vector(1,0) 

2) Translate first in the direction of vector (1,0) and then rotate by 45 degree.

Q14 Obtain the mirror reflection of the triangle formed by the vertices A(0,3), B(2,0) and C(3,2) about the line passing through the points (1,3) and (-1,-1)

Q15 Show that Sa,b.Sc,d=Sa,b.Sa,b=Sac,Sbd

Q16 Find the isometric view of a cuboid. The size of cuboid is 10 x 8 x 6, which is lying at the origin.

Q17 Obtain a transformation matrix for perspective projection for a given object projected onto x=4 plane as viewed from (6,0,0)

Q18 Consider the line segment AB parallel to z axis with end points A(3,2,4) and 

B(3,2,8). Perform a perspective projection onto the z=0 plane from the center of projection at E(0,0,-2). Also find out the vanishing point.

Q19 Obtain the perspective transformation onto z=-2 plane where the center of projection is at (0,0,18)

Q20 Find equation of plance which passes through point P(0,0,0) and the normal

to the plane is given by N(1,0,-1)

Q21 Calculate the equation of plane for a quadrilateral planar polygon described by the four vertices V1(1,0,1) , V2(1,1,0) , V3(0,1,1) nd V4(1,1,1)

Q22 Given P0(1,1);P1(2,3);P2(4,3);P3(3,1) as vertices of Beizer curve. Determine

three points on Bezier curve.

Q23 To prove P(u=0)=P0

Q24 To prove P(1)=Pn

Q25 Based on the Bezier curve definition derive the equation of 3 points Bezier curve defined by the following control point (-1,0),(0,2) & (1,0)

Q26 What is an image aspect ratio, if an image has a height of 2 inches and aspect ratio of 1.5, What is its width?

Grade 8 Squares and square roots

Squares and square roots 

Beginners level

Q1) Find the squares of first 10 natural numbers.

Q2) Find the square root of the following

a) 4 b) 9 c) 16 d) 25) e) 121

Q3 Find the square root of the following by prime factorisation

441, 2500, 625,1225,3025

Q4 Find the square roots  by long division method

144, 169, 225, 256, 361,4225,7225,1521,1089,2401

Grade 8 Maths

Simple equations

Practice 

Q1 Solve for x(integers)

a) x + 2=3

b) 2 + x=3

c) -x - 2=3

d)-2 - x=3

e) -x +2=3

f)  x - 2=3

g) -2 + x=3

h) -2x=3

i) -2x + 1=3

j) x + 2= -3

k) 2 + x= -3

l) -x - 2= -3

m)-2 - x= -3

n) -x +2= -3

o)  x - 2= -3

p) -2 + x=-3

q) -2x= 3

r) -2x + 1=-3

Q2 Solve for x(Fractions)

a) x/2 + 2=3

b) 2 + x/2=3

c) -x/2 - 2=3

d)-2 - x/2=3

e) -x/2 +2=3

f)  x/2 - 2=3

g) -2 + x/2=3

h) -2x/3=3

i) -2x/3 + 1=3

j) x/2 + 2= -3

k) 2 + x/2= -3

l) -x/2- 2= -3

m)-2 - x/2= -3

n) -x/2 +2= -3

o)  x/2 - 2= -3

p) -2 + x/2=-3

q) -2x/3= 3

r) -2x/5 + 1=-3

Grade 7 Maths Set 2

Grade 7 CBSE

Simple equations

Practice Set 2

Q1 Solve the following

a) 13x-5=60

b) 5m + 12=32

c) -3(x+2)=6

d) 5 -5(t+1)=20

e)1.5(x+1)=0.5

Q2 Anjani thinks of number, if she adds 8 to it  and divide the sum by 2, she will get 4.

Q3 Virat scored twice as many runs as Gautam. Together, their runs fell 2 short of 

double century. How many runs did each one score?

Q4 In a isosceles triangle ,the base angles are equal, the vertex angle is 30 degree. Calculate the base angles of the triangle.

  

Q5 Iqbal says  that he has 8 toffees more than 5 times the toffees Tinu has. If Iqbal has 37 toffees. How many toffees does Tinu has?

 Q6 Solve the following

a) -25 x 2 +3 x 25
b) -20 x 76 + 20 x 152 + 20 x 34
c) 0.2 x 1.4
d) 1.4/0.2

Exponents and Radicals

Grade 8 

Basic Level

 Set 2

Exponents and Radicals

Q1 Express the following in exponential form

 

Q2 Express the following as radicals

 

 

Q3 Find the value of the following

 

 

Q4 Express each of the following with positive exponent.

 

 



Q5 Simplify

 

 

Grade 7 Maths Set 1

Grade 7

Practice Test 

(Fractions and decimals, integers, simple equation and data handling)

Level Basic Set 1

Q1 The temperature at 12 noon was 10°C above zero. If it decreases at the rate of 2°C per hour until midnight, at what time would the temperature be 8°C below zero? What would be the temperature at mid-night?

Q2 Find each of the following products

a) 3 x (-1) + 4
b) 225 + 15 x 95
c) -3(2x +2)=12

Q3 Vidya and pratap went for a picnic, their mother gave them a water bottle that contained 5 ltr. vidya consumed 2/5 of the water, pratap consumed the remaining water
(1) how much water did vidya drink?
(2) what fraction of the total quantity of water did pratap drink?

Q4 Lipika reads a book for 1 3/4hours every day.she reads the entire book in 6 days.how many hours in all were required by her to read the book?

Q5 Dinesh went from place A to place B and from there to place C. A is 7.5 km from B and B is 12.7 km from C. Ayub went from place A to place D and from there to place C. D is 9.3 km from A and C is 11.8 km from D. Who travelled more and by how much?

Q6 Find

a) 0.12 x 1.2
b)0.5 x 0.05
c) 1.2 /0.12
d) 7.75 / 0.25

Q7 Find the median and mode of 14,25,14,28,18,17,18,14,23,22,14,18

Q8 Kimi subtracts thrice the number of notebooks he has from 50, he finds result to
be 8. Form a equation.

Q9 Find a number, such that one-fourth of the number is 3 more than 7.

Q10 The heights of 10 girls were measured in centimetre and the results are as follows 135, 150, 139, 128, 151, 132, 146, 149, 143, 141

i)what is the height of the tallest girl?
(ii)what is the height of the shortest girl?
(iii)What is the mean height of the girls?
(iv)How many girls have more than the mean height?
(v) What is the range of data?

Rational numbers, square roots and cube roots Set 2

Grade 8  Practice Test
(blog.infate.in)

(Rational numbers, square roots and cube roots)

Q1 Solve the following

 

Q2 Find the square root of the following

 
 
 
 
 

Q3 Estimate the value of following  to the nearest one decimal place

 
 

Q4 Find the five rational numbers between
 

Q5 Which of the following triplets are Pythagorean?

a)(3,4,5)
b)(6,7,8)

Q6 Find the least number which must be subtracted from 2509 to make it a perfect
square.

Q7 Find the least square number which is exactly divisible by each of the numbers 6,9,15 and 20.

Q8 Find the cube of the following

a)-2  b)0.4  c)1.2

Q9 Find the cube root of the following

 
 

Q10 Find the cube root of the following numbers through estimation

1) 10648
2) 91125

Simple equations

Grade 7 CBSE

Simple equations
Practice Set

Q1 Solve the following

a) 3x=18

b) 5m + 12=10

c) -2(x+2)=6

d) 5 -5(t+3)=10 

e)0.5(x+1)=0.5

Q2 Virat scored twice as many runs as Gautam. Together, their runs fell 4 short of 

double century. How many runs did each one score?

Q3 In a isosceles triangle ,the base angles are equal, the vertex angle is 50 degree. Calculate the base angles of the triangle.

Q4 Mamta thinks of number, if she adds 4 to it  and divide the sum by 2, she will get 4.

Q5 Chintan says  that he has 7 toffees more than 5 times the toffees Tinu has. If Chintan has 37 toffees. How many toffees does Tinu has?

Square roots and cube roots

Grade 8

(www.infate.in)

Practice Set :Square roots and Cube roots

Q1 Find the square root of the following by long division method.

1)0.0064

2)0.0004

3)7.29

4)150.0625

5) 1.69

Q2) Find the cube root of the following

1) -8

2) -64

3) 3375

4)-2274

5) -1

Q3 Find the cube root of the following numbers through estimation

1) 13824

2) 166375

Q4 By which smallest number must 7200 be multiplied to make it a perfect

cube?

Q5 Evaluate

Data handling and simple equations

Grade 7 CBSE

Practice Set 1 for data handling and simple equation

Q 1 A cricketer scores the following runs in eight innings: 58, 76, 40, 35, 46, 45, 0, 100 Find the mean score.

Q2 The marks (out of 100) obtained by a group of students in a science test are 85, 76, 90, 85, 39, 48, 56, 95, 81 and 75. Find the:
(i) The highest and the lowest marks obtained by the students.
(ii) Range of the marks obtained.
(iii) Mean marks obtained by the group

Q3The weight ( in kg) of 15 students of a class are:
38,42,35,37,45,50,32,43,43,40,36,38,43,38,47
1) find the mode and median of this data.
2) is there more than one mode?

Q4The performance of a student in 1st term and 2nd term is given. Draw a double bar graph choosing appropriate scale and answer the following

subject                        English  Hindi   Maths    Science    S.Science
1st term  (MM. 100)    67           72         88            81              73
2nd term  (MM (100)  70           65         95            85              55

Q5 Solve

1. 5x +3=13
2. 812x-312=12

Q6 Solve the following equation

a)-4(2+x)=8
b) 16=4 + 5(t+1)

Q7 Set up a equation: One fifth of a number minus 4 gives 3

Rational numbers

           Grade 8 

Practice Questions 

(Rational numbers and square roots)

Set 1

Q1 Solve the following
a)  

b)  

c)   

d)   

e) 

Q2 What number should be added to  to get -3?
Q3 Find 5 rational numbers between  and  .
Q4 Find the  least square number divisible by each one of 8,9 and 10
Q5 Find the Pythagorean triplet whose smallest number is 8.

Accountancy and Financial Management-Practice Questions

MCS-035

Question 1

(a) “Describe various ratios that are likely to help management of a manufacturing company forming an opinion on the solvency position of business.

(b) Under what circumstances may NPV and IRR give conflicting recommendations? Which criteria should be followed in such circumstances and why? 

Question 2

What is meant by working capital management? What factors would you like to take into consideration in estimating the working capital requirement of a concern? Discuss the repercussions if a firm has inadequate working capital. 

Question 3

Write short notes on the following:

(a) Provision for bad and doubtful debts

(b) Interest on Capital

(c) Provision for discount on Creditors

(d) Treatment of abnormal loss in final accounts 

Question 4

Following are the balance sheets of a limited company as on 31st December, 2016 and 2017.

Liabilities	2016 Rs.	2017 Rs	Asset	2016 Rs.	2017 Rs
Share Capital P & L A/c Creditors Bills payable Bank Loan(Long term) Reserve	60,000 8600 22,000 8,000 22000 16000	75,000 9000 18000 9000 …… 19800	Furniture Building Stock Debtors Goodwill Bank Cash	36000 50950 25500 21500 2,500 …….. 150	43,000 48000 20000 15000 1520 3100 180
	1,36,600	1,30,800		1,36,600	1,30,800

Taking into account the following additional information, you are required to prepare funds flow statement and statement of changes in working capital.

(a) Rs. 8,000 was paid as dividend during the year.

(b) Depreciation on Furniture was charged Rs. 4000 and on Building, it was Rs.3000.

Software Engineering-Practice Question

MCS-034

Question 1:
Assume that you are assigned responsibility of developing an Academic Counselor Information System (ACIS). ACIS will have all necessary fields that are essential for storing information about each and every academic counselor of the University Programme Wise, Course Wise, Regional Center Wise, Study Center Wise. Also, there should be provision for inclusion of Aadhar Card Number of every academic counselor and it is mandatory to include the Aadhar Card Number to apply as Academic Counselor. Stake holders should be in a position to generate reports etc. Make necessary assumptions.

For developing ACIS as specified above,
(a) Which SDLC paradigm will be selected. Justify your answer.
(b) List the functional and non-functional requirements.
(c) Estimate cost.
(d) Estimate effort.
(e) Develop SRS using IEEE format.

Discrete Mathematics-Practice Questions

MCS-033 

 

Question 1: Give an example of a second order linear homogenous recurrence relation with constant coefficients.

 (a): Find the order and degree of the following recurrences relation. Which of the following belongs to the linear homogenous recurrence relation with constant coefficient?

(i) 𝑓n = 𝑓n-1 + 𝑓n-2
(ii) 𝑎n =5𝑎n-1 + 𝑛3
(iii) 𝑎n =𝑎n-1 + 𝑎n-2 +…. 𝑎0

 (b): Solve the following recurrences relation
i) Sn = 2Sn-1

ii) Find an explicit recurrence relation for minimum number of moves in which the 𝑛-disks in tower of Hanoi puzzle can be solved! Also solve the obtained recurrence relation through an iterative method.

Question 2: Draw 2-isomorphic graphs and 3 non- isomorphic graphs on five vertices.

Question 3: Prove that the complement of 𝐺 is 𝐺.

Question 4: Find λ(𝐺), when 𝐺 is a Peterson graph.

Question 5: Write the expression for a linear homogenous recurrence relation with constant coefficients of degree 𝐾 and explain the basic approach to solve it.

Question 6: Draw the following graphs and state which of following graph is a regular graph?

(i) 𝐶5 (ii) 𝑊5 (iii) 𝑄4 (iv) 𝐾5,5 (v) 𝐾5

 

Question 8 (a): What is the solution of the following recurrences relation
an = an-1 + 2an-1, n > 2 
with a0 = 0, a1=1
(b) an =2n an-1, n > 0 with initial condition a0 =1

Question 10: Determine the number of subsets of a set of n element, where n > 0

Question 11: Show that K5 is not a planar graph.

 

Object Oriented Analysis and Design-Practice Questions

MCS-032

Question 1: What is OOAD? Explain why OOAD of software system should be preferred.
Question 2: What is class diagram? How it is different from Object diagram? Draw class diagram for Online Examination System.
Question 3: Explain advantage of use case diagram? Draw use case diagram for Online Examination System.
Question 4: Draw a sequence diagram for payment using Mobile Wallet for shopping in a retail store.
Question 5: (a) What is inheritance? Explain its advantages.
                         (b) Explain Aggregation with the help of an example.
Question 6: Explain relation of functional model with object model and dynamic model.
Question 7: Draw a DFD upto 2nd level for Online Examination System of an University. Make necessary assumptions required.
Question 8: Write short note on followings (minimum in 250 words)
i) Object ID and Persistency
ii) Issues in Concurrency Control
iii) State diagram
iv) Integrity Constraints

Design and Analysis of Algorithms-Practice Questions

MCS-031

Question 1: Write a context free grammar to generate palindromes of even length Over alphabet Σ = {a, b}.

Question 2: Write the finite automata corresponding to the regular expression        (a + b)*ab

Question 3: Derive the principle of optimality for multiplication of matrix chain.

Question 4: Compute the optimal number of scalar multiplications required to multiply the following matrices

 A1 of order 30 X 35 ; A2 of order 35 X 15 ; A3 of order 15 X 5

Question 5: Explain the Chomsky’s Classification of grammars.

Question 6: What is an ambiguous grammar? How do you prove that a given grammar is ambiguous?     Explain with an example.

Question 7: If L1 and L2 are context free languages then, prove that L1 U L2 is a context free language.

Question 8: Define Pushdown Automata

.

Question 9: Explain Decidable and Undecidable Problems. Give example for each.

Question 10: Construct a Turing machine that copies a given string over {a, b}.Also find a computation of TM for the string ‘aab’.

Question 11: Explain the importance of asymptotic analysis for running time of an algorithm.

Question 12: Differentiate between NP-Complete and NP-Hand problems.

Question 13: Find the asymptotic tight bound for

T(n) = 2T (𝑛4) + √𝑛 , with T(1) = 1.

Question 14: Write Quick Sort Algorithm. Prove that worst case for Quick Sort is worst case for Bubble Sort. Analyze the average case running time of Quick Sort Algorithm. Sort the following sequence of numbers, Using Quick Sort: 15, 10, 13, 9, 12, 7 Find the number of Comparisons Copy/Assignment Operations required by the Algorithm in sorting the list.

Question 18: Give a Greedy solution for the change making problem, to the make payment of amount 15597 considering the denominations

{1000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 }.

Question 15: Compare the Dynamic programming technique and Greedy technique for solving problems given below

Consider an array A = {3, 14, 27, 31, 39, 42, 55, 70, 74, 81, 85, 93, 98}.

(i) What is the largest number of comparisons made by binary search for any key in array A?

(ii) Find the average number of comparisons made by binary search for a successful search in array A.

(iii)Find the average number of comparisons made by binary search for an unsuccessful search in array A.

Question 16: Write Short Note on Divide and Conquer Techniques. Give suitable example for it. Discuss the Tournament sort algorithm and determine its Recursive and Iterative expression, is Divide and Conquer Technique applicable to Tournament Sort, if Yes Discuss how if No discuss why?

Advanced Database Management Systems-Practice Questions

MCS-043

 

Question 1:

Consider a small training institute in which students register for skilled based program offered by the institute. A program can be full or a part-time or both. Every student necessarily registers in at least one program and at most four programmers. Faculty also can be full time or part time or both. A faculty can conduct not more than 3 courses per semester.

(a) Draw the EER (extended ER) diagram for the above organization showing all entities, relationship, aggregation, generalization /specialization and convert it into relational schemas

(b) Draw the appropriate tables and relationship among the tables for the above diagram and normalize the tables up to 3NF

(c) Identify weak entity sets in the above diagram if any. How will you convert a weak entity set to a strong entity set? Illustrate.

(d) Identify multi valued dependency in the above diagram.

Question 2: 

Create an XML schema for the list of the courses to be offered in the second semester of MCA and their details (like, consumer code, consumer name, number of credits, assignments makes TEE marks)

Question 3:

How will you enforce referential integrity constraints in Oracle? Explain with the help of an example?

Question 4:

Draw a simple Use Case diagram for a library system and explain?

Question 5:

(i) What are triggers and cursors and their uses? Explain with the help of an example for each.

(ii) Write a trigger that restricts modifying an employee table beyond 2 hrs overtime per day.

Question 7:

What are the parameters for measuring cost for performing a query. Discuss the algorithm and the related cost of performing selection operation?

Question 8:

Explain SQL related security commands?

Question 9:

Explain clustering in data mining?

Question 10:

What the help of a suitable example, explain insertion and deletion anomalies.

Question 11:

How is the check pointing information used in the recovery operation in case of the system crash in DBMS.

Question 12:

Consider the following database

Employees ( emp-name, streets, city, age)

Working( emp-name, department)

Designation ( emp-name, designation, salary).

Write the relational algebraic expressions and SQL statements for the following queries:

(a) Find the name, street & cities of all employees working for department D1 and D2 as section  officers and earning salary more then 30000

(b) Find all the employees who are working as Deputy Registrar and living in the same cities.

Question 13:

How does PostgreSQL perform storage and indexing of tables? Also discuss the type of indexes in PostgreSQL?

 

Data Communication and Computer Network -Practice Questions

MCS-042

 

Question 1:

(a) What are the main differences between connectionless and connection oriented communication?

(b) What are the essential differences between packet switching and message switching? Explain with   the help of a suitable diagram.

Question 2:

A system has 𝑛-layer protocol hierarchy. Applications generate message of length M bytes. At each of the layers, an h byte header is added. What fraction of the network bandwidth is filled with headers?

Question 3:

State the Nyquist theorem. For what kind of physical medium it is applicable? Will it work for a noisy Channel?

Question 4:

Define the throughput expressions of Aloha and Slotted Aloha. Also draw throughput Vs load graphs for the above protocols.

Question 5:

(a) Explain hidden station and exposed station problems in WLAN protocols with the help of an illustration. What is the limitation of CSMA protocol in resolving the above problems? Explain the use of virtual channel sensing method as a proposed solution.

(b) Sketch the differential Manchester encoding for the bit stream: 0011111010111. Assume the line is initially in the low state.

Question 6:

Draw the Ethernet frame format and explain its fields. Is there any limitation on a maximum and minimum frame size of Ethernet frame? Explain.

Question 7:

How does the Border Gateway. Protocol work? Explain it with the help of a diagram. How does it resolve the count to infinity problem that is caused by other distance vector routing-algorithms?

Question 8:

Draw the header format of TCP and explain the followings fields: ACK bit, RST bit & PSH bit, and Flags.

Question 9:

Explain the window management scheme in TCP through an illustration.

Question 10:

Discuss the Silly Window Syndrome which cause degradation of TCP performance. What is the proposed solution? Explain.

Question 11:

Explain the terms: bit rate, baud rate and bandwidth with the help of an example. Also draw modulation schemes for the followings: (i) QPSK (ii) QAM-16 and describe.

Question 12:

What are the differences between leaky bucket and token bucket algorithm? How is token bucket algorithm is implemented? Explain.

Question 13:

How does DES work? Explain.

Operating Systems- Practice Question

MCS-041

 

Question 1:

A time sharing system is to be designed to support a large number of users. List all the considerations which influence the choice of the time slice. Justify each consideration.

 

Question 2:

(a) List the conditions under which memory allocation decisions can delay the initiation or scheduling of a program.

(b) Consider the following set of processes with arrival time and CPU execution time given in milliseconds. A process with a larger priority number has a higher priority. If any assumptions made by you, state them.

 

 

Process	Arrival Time	Execution Time	Priority
P1	0	09	1
P2	2	06	2
P3	3	04	3
P4	3	03	4
P5	6	04	5

 

(i) Draw the Gantt charts illustrating the execution of these processes using the FCFS, SJF, Round Robin(with quantum = 2).

(ii) Also calculate the average turn around time, average waiting time, processor utilization and throughput for each of the algorithms mentioned in (i).

 

(c) Explain the trade-offs involved in choosing the size of a time slice for a round

robin algorithm.

 

Question 3:

Describe the following disk scheduling policies: First Come First Serve (FCFS), Shortest Seek Time First, SCAN, C-SCAN, Look and C-Look. Show the disk arm movement and calculate the number of tracks traversed using all of the policies if the disk has 200 tracks and the requested tracks, in the order received, are 65, 48, 39, 08, 99, 164, 152, 38, 124.

 

Question 4:

(a) The Cigarette-Smokers Problem: Consider a system with three smoker processes and one agent process. Each smoker continuously rolls a cigarette and then smokes it. But to roll and smoke a cigarette, the smoker needs three ingredients: tobacco, paper, and matches. One of the smoker processes has paper, another has tobacco, and the third has matches. The agent has an infinite supply of all the three materials. The agent places two of the ingredients on the table. The smoker who has the remaining ingredient then makes and smokes a cigarette, signaling the agent on completion. The agent then puts out another two of the three ingredients, and the cycle repeats. Write an interactive C/C++ program to synchronize the agent and the smokers, using semaphores.

 

(b) The Sleeping Barber Problem: A barbershop consists of a waiting room with n chairs and the barber room containing the barber chair. If there are no customers to be served, the barber goes to sleep. If a customer enters the barbershop and all chairs are occupied, then the customer leaves the shop. If the barber is busy but chairs are available, then the customer sits in one of the free chairs. If the barber is asleep, the customer wakes up the barber.

 

1. Write a C / C++ program to coordinate the barber and the customers, using semaphores.
2. Consider the Sleeping-Barber Problem with the modification that there are k barbers and k barber chairs in the barber room, instead of just one. Write a program to coordinate the barbers and the customers.

 

Question 5:

Discuss in detail the features, Process management, Memory management, I/O Management, File management and Security and Protection in Android Operating System (latest version).